First off lets get the terminology right so we are both on the same page.
We have an index ring, that the big circular plate with 36 holes in it and we have the Vernier scale on the body of the indexer maker from 0 to 9
There is no zero on the index ring it goes from 36 to 1
In reality these should be marked 360 and 10 but space precludes the extra zero. The reason there is no zero is that 360 and 0 are one and the same.
The pin needs to be in the 0 vernier [ now called V ] position and when that's in 36 it's at zero.
Now if you move the pin [ still in V0 ] to 1 on the index plate it will have moved 10 degrees.
If you go V0 to 4 it will have moved to 40 degrees.
Now if you move the pin from V0 to V5 and go into the 4 on the index circle you have gone 40 degrees plus 5 = 45 degrees.
This is the reason the vernier only goes to 9, after say 4 on the index circle and V9 you get 49 degrees. To move one further degree you go back to V0 and hole 5 to get 50 degrees.
To work in divisions your number needs to be divisible into 360 so 8 divisions is every 45 degrees whereas 7 isn't divisible.
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